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Common name	Native or Exotic	Sun or Shade	Frost tolerance	Water requirement	Size	Deciduous or Evergreen	Description
African Tulip-tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a broad-domed crown (8-12m x 6-8m). Fast growing. Large compound leaves,Slightly shiny and dark green above and paler and dull below. Bronze coloured new growth. Dense terminal clusters of velvety olive-green buds expanding to large showy trumpet-shaped (slightly tulip-shaped) scarlet or orange-red flowers with yellow throats in spring and throughout the year, followed by long slender reddish-brown pod-like capsules containing many winged seeds. A good shade or feature tree for the showy flowers. Suitable for warm coastal gardens. Needs protection from strong winds to avoid branch breakage. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil and full sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Frost sensitive.
Alstonville Tibouchina	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded dense crown (4-6m x 3-4m). Tough scaly-textured dark green leaves with prominent longitudinal veins, covered with short firm hairs. Terminal sprays of violet or dark purple flowers with dark veins late summer to early winter. A good screen tree or feature tree for the brilliant flower colour. Prefers fertile, well-drained soils, ample moisture during dry periods in the growing seasons and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Moderately drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant once established but may show leaf damage.
Autumn Blaze Maple	Exotic	Full sun,Part Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches and a dense oval-shaped crown (12-13m x 9-10m). Smooth dark greyish-brown bark. Deeply lobed green leaves turn a brilliant red in autumn. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Can be grown in partial shade but performs best in full sun. Plant in a sheltered position. Prefers moist, well drained, acidic soils but tolerant of most soils and conditions including moderately wet, dry and alkaline soils. Frost hardy.
Bangalay	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open spreading crown (15-20m x 10-15m). Flaky fibrous bark. Thick broad leaves, glossy dark green above and paler below. Clusters of small cream flowers in summer and early autumn. A good shade tree for a large garden. Tolerant of soil salinity. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Bay Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense broadly conical crown (6-7m+ x 3-4m). Glossy dark green oval pointed leaves, aromatic when crushed. Small fragrant creamy-yellow flowers in spring and summer, followed by small rounded fleshy fruit which is green at first and ripening to a purplish-black. Protect from strong winds. A good screen tree. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil and full sun. Frost hardy.
Betchel's Crab Apple	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree,Pyramidical when young and becoming rounded with age (4-6m x 3-5m). Dark green leaves with coarsely serrated margins turning yellow-golds, oranges and reds in autumn. Masses of fragrant soft pink double flowers in late spring, followed by a few small rounded fruits. A good small feature tree for the flowers and autumn folilage colour. Needs good drainage. Prefers a cool high altitude climate. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Bhutan Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a conical form, becoming broader at the base with age but sometimes retaining a narrow form in the upper half (15-30m x 3-10m). Fast growing. Soft bright green scale-like leaves pressed closely to the branches create a finely textured but dense crown. Globular cones. A good screen or feature tree. Grows in a wide range of soils but prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Black Bean	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded crown (12-15m x 8-10m). Glossy dark green pinnate leaves. Sprays of red and yellow pea-shaped flowers in late spring and early summer often largely hidden within the leaves, followed by large cylindrical leathery pods. A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil in warm frost free areas. Protect from harsh or salt laden winds. Tolerant of light frost (with some foliage loss). Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Black She-oak	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (10m x 4m). Deeply fissured bark. Pendulous branches with leaves reduced to triangular scales around the stem. Cylindrical cones. A good shade tree or windbreak particularly on infertile soils. Suitable for both coastal and inland sites. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions but not waterlogged soil. Leaf litter inhibits the growth of other plants beneath the tree. Drought tolerant. Light to moderate frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Black Tea Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an irregularly rounded crown (8-10m x 5-6m). Dark grey fissured bark. Small linear leaves, bright green when young and becoming darker with age. Leaves aromatic when crushed. Cylindrical spikes of cream flowers in summer, followed by small cup-shaped woody capsules. A good shade or screen tree or windbreak. Bird attracting. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Prefers good drainage but tolerates heavy soil. Drought tolerant. Tolerant of light frost once established. The cultivar 'Revolution Green' has bright green leaves.
Black Wattle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (10-15m x 5m). May be short-lived. Smooth to deeply fissured bark, greenish-brown or dark grey to blackish. Dark green finely textured fern-like leaves. Clusters of fragrant yellow ball-shaped flowers in spring, followed by seed pods. A good screen, windbreak or feature tree. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Black Wattle	Native	Part shade,Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (6-10m x 3-4m). Rough, dark brown bark. Tough shiny leaves with coarsely serrated margins and a whitish fine felt underneath. New growth is bronze coloured and covered in rust coloured hairs. Creamy-yellow ball-shaped flowers in spring to early summer, followed by small capsules. A good screen tree. Tolerates light shade. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive when young but frost hardy once established.
Blackbutt	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (35+m x 15m). Grey-brown rough bark at the base of the stem with white-grey smooth bark above, the bark shedding in ribbons. Long narrow dull green leaves. Clusters of creamy-white flowers in late spring and summer. A good shade tree in a very large garden. Wind tolerant. Tolerant of light frost. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Blackwood	Native	Part shade,Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with variable size (usually 8-15m x 5-10m but up to 30m in favourable conditions). Dark grey-black, deeply fissured bark. Broad lanceolate phyllodes (modified leaves). Cream ball-shaped flowers in winter and spring, followed by curved, twisted or coiled seed pods . A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Attracts birds. Prefers moist composted soil in a gully or slope location. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Bleeding Heart	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (5-6m x 4m). Fast growing but may be short lived. Smooth pale grey to brown bark. Soft, broad heart-shaped leaves on pinkish-red stems, glossy and dark green above and paler below, the older leaves often turning bright red. Young leaves are usually very large. Terminal drooping clusters of insignificant yellowish-green to red flowers in spring, followed by small bluish-green or purplish two-lobed capsules which often stay on the tree until winter. Fruit attracts birds. Tolerant of a wide range of well-drained soils in warm areas. Prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soil. A good screen or shade tree for warm areas. Frost sensitive.
Blireana Plum	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree, usually with low branching and a short stem, and a vase-shaped or rounded crown (3.5-5m x 3-4m). Grey-brown furrowed bark. Oval leaves with serrated margins and pointed tips, light reddish-purple in spring and aging to purplish-green in summer. Little foliage colour change in autumn. Faintly perfumed pale pink flowers, held solitary or in pairs, in late winter and early spring. A good feature tree for the flowers and foliage colour contrast. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil, ample moisture during spring and summer and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
Blue Box	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (20m x 10m). Rough fibrous-flaky grey bark with whitish patches,Shedding in short ribbons. Broad bluish-green semi-glossy leaves. Terminal clusters of cream flowers in early summer. A good shade or screen tree in a large garden. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Blue Cedar	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer initially conical in shape, developing a broad crown with age (20-30m x 10-15m). Pendulous branches with silvery blue-green narrow needle-like leaves in spirals. Erect oval to barrel-shaped cone fruit in autumn. A good feature tree in a large garden. Tolerates wide range of soil types. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil in a cool, moist climate. Sensitive to poor drainage. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Blue Ice Arizona Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a dense crown and pyramidical form (5-10m x 3-4m). Tightly packed silvery-blue scales flattened to form branchlets. Globular cones. A good feature tree for the vertical form and attractive silver-blue foliage colour. Prefers well-drained soil and hot dry conditions. Wind tolerant. Drought resistant. Frost hardy.
Blue Mountains Ash	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded open crown (20-25+m x 6-12m). Rough grey bark at the base of the stem and smooth white, cream, grey or yellowish-white bark above,Shedding in long ribbons. Glossy green, curved lanceolate leaves. Clusters of white flowers in late summer. A good shade tree in a large cool climate garden. Prefers deep, well-drained,Sandy soils. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Blueberry Ash	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (7-10m x 3-5m). Dark green oblong to lanceolate leaves with finely serrated margins. Reddish-pink new growth and some bright red older leaves. Clusters of white cup-shaped flowers with a fringed edge in spring and summer followed by small dark blue berry-like fruit. A good shade or screen tree. Bird attracting. Tolerates a shady position. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Tolerant of moderate frost once established. The cultivar 'Prima Donna' has pink flowers.
Bracelet Honey Myrtle	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (5-6m x 5m). Soft fine dark green leaves. White bottlebrush like flowers in spring and summer. A good screen tree or windbreak. Suitable for coastal gardens. Bird attracting. Salinity and salt spray tolerant. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Brittle Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a spreading open crown of pendulous leaves (15-20m x 8-10m). Smooth white powdery bark, mottled with grey patches, changing to pink in late spring or summer (the colours most noticeable after rain). Narrow, curved dull mid- green leaves, aromatic when bruised. Small clusters of creamy-white flowers in late summer to autumn. A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Tolerates shallow infertile soil. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Broad-leafed Ironbark	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an irregular spreading crown (25+m x 8-15m). Hard or soft grey-black furrowed and flaky bark (ironbark). Large oval grey-green dull leaves. Cream flowers in summer. A good feature tree in a large garden. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Broad-leaved Hickory	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright or spreading crown (6-12m x 3m). Curved blue green phyllodes (modified leaves). Cream ball-shaped flowers in spring and early summer, followed by seed pods. A good screen tree. Prefers well-drained soil in full sun. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Broad-leaved Paperbark	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (12-18m x 5-8m). Attractive thick whitish papery bark. Tough lanceolate leaves with five distinctive veins running lengthwise. Cream or greenish flower spikes in autumn and winter. A good shade or screen tree in a large garden. Bird attracting. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions including strong winds,Salinity and poorly drained sites. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Bronze Japanese Cedar	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a broad upright habit (8m x 2-3m). Soft green leaves turn coppery red in autumn and winter. Horizontal branches have pendulous tips and foliage is carried to ground level. A good feature tree for foliage texture and colour. Prefers a cool mountain climate. Tolerates warm conditions if watering is adequate. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Brown Pine	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright cylindrical form and a dense crown (20+m when old but usually 12-15m x 5-10m). Dark brownish-grey bark, fibrous and shallow-ribbed. Dark green glossy narrow oblong leaves with a sharp tip. Lighter green new growth. Edible bluish black plum-like fruit on female plants. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Tolerates a wide range of soils and aspects. Frost hardy once established. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Brown Silky Oak	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen variable sized tree (8-15m x 4-5m). Bright green shiny variously lobed leaves. Long spikes of fragrant creamy-white flowers in spring. A good feature or shade tree. Bird attracting. Needs fertile, moist, well-drained soil and a sheltered position. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Brown Silky Oak	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (6-10m x 3-5m). Hard,Scaly grey bark. Green leathery leaves, rusty-bronze and furry below. Lobed young leaves. Long terminal spikes of honey scented white flowers in spring and summer. A good shade or feature tree. Bird attracting. Prefers a sheltered location. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures.
Brunnings Golden Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a conical form (8-10m x 3-5m). Fast growing. Bright gold feathery leaves on thin pendant branches. Foliage colour is best in full sun, in part shade the foliage is greenish-yellow. A good screen or feature tree for the form and foliage colour. A good conifer for coastal gardens. Tolerant to a wide variety of soil types provided the soil is free draining. Wind and salt spray tolerant. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Brush Box	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded crown (15-20m x 8-12m). Rough greyish-brown bark at the base of the stem, the bark above flaking off over summer revealing pink, cream and orangey-brown smooth bark below. Glossy leathery leaves in whorls, glossy dark green above and paler below. Clusters of small white fluffy looking flowers in spring and summer followed by small woody capsules. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions. Performs best in deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil with reliable moisture during summer. Drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant once established. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Cape Chestnut	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen,Deciduous	Evergreen or partly deciduous broad-domed tree (10-15m x 10-15m). Grey-green smooth bark. Oval leaves, glossy dark green above and paler below. May lose most of its leaves in winter in cooler areas. Terminal clusters of faintly perfumed pink orchid-like flowers in summer, followed by small woody capsules. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Prefers light, fertile, well-drained soil. Prefers adequate water during spring and summer - may need irrigation in dry periods. Tolerates light frost. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Cedar of Lebanon	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with horizontally tiered arching branches (20-30m x 15m). Spirally arranged glossy grey green needle-like leaves. Greyish pink cones. A good feature tree in a large cool climate garden. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil in a cool, moist climate. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Cedar Wattle	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded crown (8-12m x 4-6m ). Fast growing. Large dark green bipinnate leaves. Cream ball-shaped flowers in summer, followed by seed pods. A good feature,Shade or screen tree. Prefers moist sheltered sites. May need irrigation in dry periods. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Chanticleer Flowering Pear	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a pyramidical dense crown (6-10m x 3-6m). Greyish-brown bark, becoming lightly furrowed with age. Oval glossy dark green leaves turning gold, red and burgundy in autumn. Clusters of white flowers in spring followed by small brown pear-shaped fruit that may persist on the tree through autumn and winter. Flowers may be unpleasantly scented. A good feature,Shade or screen tree or for planting where above ground space is restricted. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions including intermittently wet, heavy soils. Prefers deep, moist, fertile, well-drained soil, ample moisture during the warmer months and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Cheese Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (8-12m x 6-10m). Dark green glossy leaves. Insignificant flowers followed by non-edible cheese-shaped green to pinkish capsules which turn red in summer. A good shade or feature tree in a protected position. Prefers moist, fertile soil. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive.
Cimmzam Cimmaron Green Ash	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a uniform branch structure becoming broader with age (12-15m x 8-10m). Attractive grey to greyish-brown furrowed bark. Dark green compound leaves with 5-9 leaflets turning through an array of colours to deep burgundy red in autumn. Inconspicuous flowers. A good shade or feature tree for a large garden. Prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun. Tolerant of moderate drought once established. Frost hardy.
Claret Ash	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches, an upright habit and an open crown (10-15m x 7-10m). Fast growing. Grey-green bark. Lacy compound deep green leaves occurring in whorls along the branches turning purple-red (claret) in autumn. A good shade or feature tree for autumn foliage colour. Best foliage colour in cooler climates. Moderate drought tolerance. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Coachwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright form and variable size (10-15+m x 4-10m). Smooth grey-green bark with fine horizontal ridges, aromatic when bruised. Trifoliate leaves with coarsely serrated leaf margins, dark green and shiny above and paler and duller below. Terminal clusters of star-like flowers with sepals which are white at first maturing to deep ruby red in early summer. A good screen or shade tree. Prefers a protected position with fertile, well-drained soil and ample moisture. Moderately drought tolerant. Tolerates light to medium frosts once established. Not suitable for small gardens.
Coast Banksia	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (7-10m x 5-7m). Leathery wedge-shaped to oblong leaves, dark green above and silver-grey below. Erect cone-like spikes of lime green to yellow flowers. A good screen tree or shade tree. Suitable for a coastal garden. Tolerates salt laden winds and a wide range of soil conditions but needs well-drained soil. Bird and insect attracting. Moderate drought tolerance. Tolerates light frost.
Coast Cottonwood	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense broad-domed crown (6-9m x 5-6m). Fast growing. Dark burgundy-green heart shaped leaves. Cup-shaped yellow flowers with a dark velvety bronze red centre throughout the year, followed by small round semi-woody capsules. A good small shade,Screen or feature tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Prefers moist, well-drained,Sandy soil in full sun. Tolerant of salt laden winds. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Coast Myall	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (7-12m x 7-10m). Fast growing. Coarse fibrous bark. Silver grey sickle-shaped phyllodes (modified leaves). Rod-shaped bright yellow flowers in spring, followed by seed pods. A good shade or feature tree. Prefers well-drained soil and full sun. Suitable for coastal locations. Frost sensitive.
Coastal Tea Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (4-5m x 3-5m). Small grey-green oval-shaped leaves, aromatic when crushed. Small white 5-petalled flowers in spring and early summer followed by small round woody capsules. A good screen tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Tolerant of a wide range of soils but prefers moist well-drained soil. Tolerant of salt-laden winds. Drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant.
Cook Pine	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a slender columnar shape, often with a distinct curve at the base of the stem (20-25+m x 5-7m). Dark brown scaly rough bark. Dark green needle-like incurved and densely overlapping leaves on branches which occur symmetrically and usually horizontally in regular spaced whorls. Male and female flowers usually on separate trees. Small rounded greenish cones. A good feature tree in a large garden. Suitable for a coastal garden. Tolerates strong salt-laden winds and a range of soil types including poor sandy soils. Prefers deep, well-drained soil and full sun. Drought tolerant once established. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Corkwood	Native	Full sun,Part Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree of variable size with a rounded crown (8-15+m x 3-6m). Slow growing. Attractive hard fissured corky bark. Narrow glossy leaves with a blunt pointed tip and translucent yellowish margins, dark green above and paler below. Leaves aromatic when crushed. Reddish new growth. Clusters of small greenish-white finely hairy flowers within the leaves in late autumn to spring, followed by small blue-black fleshy round fruit. Bird attracting. A good screen tree in a coastal garden. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Prefers a sheltered position and deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Protect from salt laden winds. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures.
Crimson Sentry Norway Maple	Exotic	Full sun,Part Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a dense crown, and a broadly conical shape with upright branching (7m x 4m). Greyish brown-black bark. Dark purple leaves with five lobes, turning golden brown in autumn. A good purple-leaved feature tree providing foliage colour contrast or for planting in areas with limited above ground space. Prefers cool humid climates and deep, acidic, well-drained soil with high organic content. Plant in a sheltered position - needs protecting from strong drying winds in summer. Needs regular rainfall or regular and plentiful irrigation. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Dawn Redwood	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous conifer with a pyramidical form which broadens with age (22-25m x 8-12m). Attractive red brown bark with buttress-like flares in mature trees. Small,Soft linear (fern-like) leaves are bright light green in spring, turning to deep green in summer and then red-bronze in autumn. Roundish-shaped cones. A good feature tree in a large garden in cooler climates. Prefers deep, moist, acidic soils. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Dawson River Weeping Bottlebrush	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with pendulous branches and a weeping form (4-6m x 4-6m). Narrow olive green leaves. Young leaves and stems covered with long silky hairs. Bright red to dark crimson brush-like flowers mostly in spring and autumn. Good as a feature,Shade or screen tree. Bird and insect attracting. Prefers well-drained soil but tolerates periodic water-logging and salinity. Moderately drought tolerant. May defoliate in prolonged dry periods. Tolerates light to medium frosts.
Dogwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown, often with a weeping habit (3-5m x 2-3m). Leaves are reduced to scales on arching grey green branches. Clusters of sweetly scented yellow pea flowers in spring to summer. Good as a screen or feature tree for the profuse flowers. Prefers well-drained soil and full sun. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Dorrigo Waratah	Native	Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (8-12m x 7m). Slow to establish. Dark green, glossy compound leaves. Loose terminal heads of pinkish-red flowers in late spring to summer. A good feature tree for the spectacular flowers. Attracts birds and insects. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions but not waterlogged soil. Needs deep, well-drained soil and a sheltered position. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Tolerant of light frost.
Drooping She-oak	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright to spreading dense crown (6-10m x 3-6m). Bark becomes furrowed as the tree matures. Grey, needle-like foliage on pendulous branches. Inconspicuous flowers and oval woody cones. A good windbreak or screen tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions but not waterlogged soil. Leaf litter prevents other plants growing under the tree. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Dwarf Apple	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a twisted growth habit and gnarled branches (6-8m x 4-6m). New growth covered in thick coarse hairs. Large sprays of large creamy-white flowers in summer. An attractive feature tree for the form and flowers. Insect and bird attracting. Prefers sandy soil. Drought tolerant once established. Frost sensitive when young.
English Hawthorn	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous thorny tree with an irregular oval-shaped crown (5-6m x 3m). Slow growing. Glossy 3 deeply-lobed leaves. Erect terminal clusters of fragrant white flowers in spring followed by bright red round berries. A good small screen tree or feature tree for the spring flowers. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil and cooler climates. Wind tolerant. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Eumumdi Quandong	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen columnar tree with a dense crown (8-12 x 3-5m). Tapered leaves, glossy green above and paler beneath. Reddish-bronze new growth. Perfumed cream flowers with fringed petals followed by small dark blue berry-like fruit. A good screen or feature tree where above ground space is limited. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Prefers a sheltered position with moist, well-drained soil. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Evergreen Ash	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded form (6-9m x 4-7m). Grey bark. Oval leaves with curly edges and pointed tips,Pale green above and silver beneath. White flowers in long sprays at the branch tips in spring, followed by large clusters of small brown winged seeds remaining on the tree until winter. A good screen or small shade tree. Tolerates a wide range of conditions and soils including wet soil. Prefers moist, deep, well-drained soil in full sun. Benefits from supplementary irrigation during periods of long dry periods. Drought sensitive. Light frost tolerant.
Exmouth Bull Bay Magnolia	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	High	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown,Pyramidal-shaped at first and broadening with age (8-12m x 6-8m). Large leathery leaves, dark glossy green above with a copper-coloured velvet texture below. Large lemon-scented creamy white flowers at the branch tips in summer, followed by cones containing many red seeds. A good shade or feature tree for the flowers in a large garden. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, acidic, well- drained soil, reliable water supply in summer and full sun. May need irrigation in dry periods. Protect from strong and salt laden winds. Drought sensitive. Moderately frost tolerant once established. Plant in protected, warm and preferably elevated microclimates in cooler areas to minimise frost damage.
Fat Albert Spruce	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen pyramidal-shaped conifer (3-7m x 2-5m). Slow growing. Steel blue needle-like leaves on closely spaced ascending branches. A good feature tree for the formal shape and foliage colour. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Best in cool climates. Does not perform well in heat and humidity. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Filifera Sawara Falsecypress	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a broadly conical form (4m x 3m). Dark green scale-like adult leaves on long pendulous thread-like small branches. Leaves turn yellowish-green in winter. Small brown rounded cones. A good feature or screen tree in a cool climate garden. Prefers moist, well-drained soil in full to partial sun. Sensitive to alkaline soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Firewheel Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a narrow crown (8-12m x 5-8m). Slow growing. Glossy deep green leaves with wavy and deeply cut margins. Showy wheel-like bright red flowers in summer and autumn, followed by a woody boat-shaped fruit. A good screen tree or feature tree for the flowers. Prefers fertile, free draining soil and plenty of water in summer. Suitable for warm coastal sites but must be sheltered from salt laden winds. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Flowering Dogwood	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown (4-5m x 3-5m). Oval pointed dark green leaves turning orange-red in autumn. Small over wintering onion-shaped flower buds. Showy white or pinkish-white bracts around tiny insignificant flowers in spring. A good feature tree for the showy spring flowers and autumn foliage colour. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Needs regular summer rainfall or irrigation. Protect from drying winds. Best in cool climate gardens. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Flowering Gum	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen grafted tree with a rounded crown (5-6m x 3m). Large green broad lanceolate leaves, with reddish new growth. Showy clusters of large pink flowers with yellow centres, followed by large decorative woody urn-shaped capsules. A good feature tree for a small garden. Bird and insect attracting. Prefers a well drained soil in an open sunny position and low humidity. Can be unreliable in high humidity. Frost sensitive particularly when young. Many cultivars including 'Orange Splendour' - orange flowers (4-6m x 4-6m), 'Wildfire' - deep red flowers (6-8m x 5-7m) and 'Calypso Queen'- salmon-pink flowers (4-5m x 3-4m).
Forest Oak	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (8-15m x 5-7m). Deeply furrowed bark. Pendulous branches with leaves reduced to triangular scales around the stem. Warty barrel-shaped cones. Good for mass planting in groves, as a screen tree or windbreak or as a feature tree in a large garden. Attracts birds. Leaf litter inhibits the growth of other plants beneath the tree. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions but not waterlogged soil. Drought sensitive. Tolerant of light to moderate frosts. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Forest Red Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open irregular crown (30+m x 10-15m). Fast growing. Smooth white or grey to mottled bark,Shedding in large flakes often with persistent rough bark at the base. Long linear to lanceolate green adult leaves tending to hang vertically. Clusters of cream flowers in autumn to early summer. A good shade tree in a large garden with clay soil. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Frangipani	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broad spreading habit (5-8m x 4-5m). Stout and fleshy stem. Thick green leathery elliptical leaves. Terminal clusters of highly fragrant, funnel-shaped flowers in summer ranging in colour from white with yellow centres to pink and red. A good feature tree. Cut surfaces produce a poisonous milky sap. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Needs protection from strong cold winds. Prefers a hot position. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Fringed Wattle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright or spreading crown (6m x 5-6m). Narrow lanceolate light green phyllodes (modified leaves). Clusters of perfumed ball-shaped lemon yellow flowers in late winter to spring followed by seed pods. A good screen tree. Tolerant of damp conditions. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Gold Blossom Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense narrow-domed crown (7-8m x 4-5m). Heart-shaped glossy green leaves. Large dense sprays of orange yellow flower spikes in early summer, followed by small brown pods. A good feature tree. Prefers well-drained, fertile soil and plenty of moisture in summer. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Golden Ash	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a spreading crown (7-12m x 7m). Compound leaves with oval leaflets greenish-yellow in spring turning to deep golden yellow in autumn. Deep yellow branchlets with black buds in winter. Inconspicuous yellow-green flowers in spring. A good shade or feature tree. Tolerates warm conditions without leaf burn if moisture is adequate. Prefers deep, rich, moist soil and cooler areas. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Golden Cripps Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	High	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a conical form (8-10m x 5-6m). Reddish-brown bark peeling in thin strips. Flattened sprays of aromatic bright golden yellow-green leaves. Foliage colour is best in full sun. Round cones. A good feature or screen tree in a cool climate garden. Prefers moist, well-drained loamy soil and ample rainfall. Protect from extreme cold and drying winds. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Golden Penda	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (8-10m x 6-8m). Large glossy green lanceolate leaves with reddish new growth. Clusters of bright yellow fluffy flowers in summer and autumn. A good screen tree or feature tree for the showy flowers. Attracts birds, bees, butterflies and other insects. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Prefers a moist, well-drained position in full sun. For warm climates. Frost sensitive.
Golden Rain Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broad-domed crown (7-10m x 7-9m). Deeply furrowed bark. Serrated green compound leaves turning yellow in autumn. Long terminal sprays of bright yellow flowers in late spring and summer, followed by clusters of red-pink papery capsules. A good shade or feature tree. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Golden Trumpet Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Briefly deciduous tree with an open crown (6-12m x 4-5m). Grey corky bark with irregular cracks. Mid-green compound leaves usually with five leaflets. Terminal clusters of fragrant bright yellow trumpet-shaped flowers during spring before the new leaves emerge, followed by linear slightly flattened brown papery capsules containing numerous flat winged seeds. A good shade or feature tree for the showy flowers. Tolerant of a wide range of soils. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil and irrigation during long dry periods. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Golden Wych Elm	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches and an open spreading crown, often as wide as it is tall (7-12m x 7-10m). Dark greyish-brown, lightly fissured bark. Egg-shaped leaves with prominent veins and serrated margins,Pale yellow in spring deepening to greenish-yellow to lime green in summer and turning gold in autumn. Clusters of insignificant small flowers before the leaves appear, followed by small brown winged seeds. A good shade or feature tree for foliage colour contrast. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions but prefers deep, moist, fertile, well-drained soil and abundant rainfall. May need irrigation in dry periods during summer. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Gordonia/Fried Egg Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (5-8m x 4-8m). Slow growing when young. Smooth bark mottled with grey and brown patches. Dark green glossy leaves. White saucer-shaped flowers with golden yellow stamens in the centre (looking like fried eggs). Flowers through winter to spring. A good feature,Screen or small shade tree. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Gosford wattle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergeen tree with an upright or spreading crown (6-8m x 4-5m). Fast growing. Grey green lanceolate leaves. Clusters of yellow ball-shaped flowers in spring, followed by seed pods. A good screen tree. Prefers well-drained soil in full sun with ample moisture. Tolerates partial shade. Frost hardy.
Grecian Strawberry Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a broadly spreading crown (6-8m x 6-7m). Showy red-brown bark, which peels vertically in long thin strips to show dull-crimson bark below. Finely toothed or smooth edged leaves, glossy green above and paler below. Terminal nodding clusters of bell-shaped white flowers in late winter and spring. Does not produce fruit. An attractive small feature tree or screen tree. Tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers well-drained, acidic soil and an open aspect with full sun. Drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy.
Greenspire Small-leaved Lime	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with an upright spreading pyramidical form (9-12m x 5-6m). Greyish-brown bark, becoming furrowed with age. Heart-shaped leaves, dark green above and light green below turning yellow in autumn. Pendulous clusters of fragrant, creamy-yellow flowers in summer followed by clusters of small brown round nut-like fruit. A good shade tree. Tolerant of a wide range of soils. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soils and moderate to high rainfall. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
Grey Box	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a spreading crown (25+m x 10-15m). Fibrous grey bark,Smooth on the upper branches. Broad lanceolate glossy green leaves. Creamy-white flowers in summer. A good shade tree in a large garden with clay soil. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Grey Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (15-25m x 10-12m). Matt grey bark sheds in large flakes and is marked with patches of pink, orange or cream. Curved lanceolate leaves with drawn out points. Clusters of creamy-white flowers in summer to early autumn. A good shade tree to cast dappled light in a large garden. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Grey Ironbark	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open spreading crown (15-20+m x 10-15m). Fast growing. Grey-brown deeply furrowed hard bark (ironbark). Narrow and broad lanceolate semi-glossy leaves, dark green above and paler below. Terminal clusters of creamy-white flowers in winter to early summer. A good shade tree in a large garden. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Grey Myrtle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open and rounded crown (4-7m x 3-4m). Finely flaking bark. Dark green leaves with pointed tips,Smelling of cinnamon when crushed. Clusters of creamy-white flowers in summer followed by small brown capsules. A good small screen or feature tree. Prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun or part-shade and a protected position. Bird attracting. Drought sensitive until established. Frost sensitive.
Gungurru	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen multi-stemmed tree with pendulous branches (6-8m x 3-4m). Glossy reddish young branches age to powdery silver-white. Bark peels off in curled strips. Silver grey leaves. Loose clusters of pendulous large pink to red flowers followed by large urn-shaped fruit. A good feature tree. Prefers a dry summer climate and can be unreliable in high humidity. Needs well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Tolerates light frost.
Hairy Bird's Eye	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (8-12m x 4-6m). Compound leaves with serrated margins,Smooth or finely hairy above and densely hairly below. Pinky brown-green new growth. Small creamy pink-red flowers in winter followed by small hairy 1-3 lobed capsules, each lobe containing a small black seed partly enclosed by an outer red casing. A good screen tree or shade tree. Prefers well-drained soils. Tolerant of a wide range of soils and conditions. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitve.
Hickory Wattle	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (8-12m x 4-6m). Sickle-shaped phyllodes (modified leaves) with parallel veins. Cream ball-shaped flowers in summer, followed by twisted or curved seed pods. A good screen tree. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Himalayan Cedar	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a pyramidical form and graceful pendulous branches (20m x 10m). Pale green to grey-green spirally-arranged needle-like leaves. Barrel-shaped cones ripening to brown. A good feature tree in a large cool climate garden. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil in a cool, moist climate. Sensitive to salinity. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Holm Oak	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense broad-domed crown (12-20m x 10-15m ). Slow growing. Long lived. Dark grey rough finely plated bark. Leathery lanceolate to oval leaves (holly-like) with serrated or smooth margins, glossy dark green above and grey and finely hairly below. Small egg-shaped fruit (acorn) usually in groups of 1 to 3, grey-green ripening to brown before falling in autumn. A good shade tree or screen tree in a large garden. Suitable for coastal gardens but requires protection from salt laden winds. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions including poor, dry soils. Prefers deep, moist, well-drained soils. Drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Illawarra Flame Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen,Deciduous	Mainly evergreen but sometimes partially deciduous tree with a broad conical crown (10-15m x 7-9m). Large variably lobed leaves, dark green above,Paler below. Waxy red bell-shaped flowers on leafless branches in late spring, followed by boat-shaped fruit. A good feature tree in a large garden. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Protect from strong and salt-laden winds. Prefers ample water in summer - may need irrigation in dry periods. Some drought tolerance once established. Frost sensitive.
Ivory Curl Flower	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded dense crown (6-10m x 4-6m). Dark green leaves with a wavy margin, glossy above and paler below. Pink-bronze new growth. Large terminal clusters of creamy-white tubular-shaped flowers in summer and early autumn. A good screen,Shade or feature tree for the spectacular flowers. Bird and insect attracting. Tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil with ample moisture in a wind-sheltered warm climate. Drought resistant once established. Frost sensitive.
Jacaranda	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous or semi-deciduous tree with an open and often irregularly shaped crown (10-15m x 8-12m). Fast growing. Bright green fern-like leaves of many tiny leaflets, turning yellow in autumn. Large terminal clusters of lavender purple bell-shaped flowers in mid-spring to early summer followed by curved leathery seed pods. A good tree to cast light shade or feature tree for the showy flowers. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil and protection from cold winter winds. Moderately drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures.
Japanese Black Pine	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with an irregularly-conical crown and very variable size, often with a leaning trunk and crooked upswept branches (5-10+m x 7m). Dark-grey scaly and deeply fissured bark. Grey-green slightly twisted stiff long needle-like leaves in pairs, densely crowded near the tips of the branchlets. Mid-brown oval-shaped cones. A good feature tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Prefers deep, well-drained,Sandy soil. Salt spray and wind tolerant. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Japanese Dogwood	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree, vase-shaped when young becoming rounded with horizontal branches with age (5-6m x 4-5m). Dark green leaves with a pointed tip and wavy margin, turning orange to red in autumn. Large showy white bracts (up to 8cm across) surround tiny insignificant greenish-yellow flowers. The numerous bracts are borne horizontally along branches in late spring to early summer, followed by fleshy green fruits which mature to pinkish-red. A good feature tree for the showy spring flowers and spectacular autumn foliage display. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Needs summer rainfall or irrigation. Protect from drying winds. Best in cool climate gardens. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. The cultivar 'Satomi' has rose-pink bracts (4m x 4m).
Japanese Flowering Cherry	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree, usually with low branching and a short stem, and a broad vase-shaped to broad spreading crown (6-10m x 5-8m). Oval to oblong leaves, dark green above and paler below, turning yellow, orange or red in autumn. The autumn foliage colours are best in cold areas. Bronze-red new growth. Long stalked clusters of fuchsia-purple flowers in spring. A good small feature tree for the flowers and form. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil, ample moisture during spring and summer and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Sensitive to poorly drained soil. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
Japanese Flowering Crab Apple	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broad-domed crown and long arching branches (5-8m x 5m). Greyish-brown bark. Bright green oval leaves, turning yellow in autumn. Clusters of ruby-red flower buds, opening to reddish-pink coloured flowers which fade to white in spring, followed by small insignificant yellowish to red rounded crab apples. A good small shade or feature tree in a cool climate garden for the abundant spring flowers. Prefers fertile, deep, moist, well-drained soil in full sun and low temperatures for several months during winter. Protect from strong winds. Some tolerance of dry conditions once established. Frost hardy.
Japanese Larch	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous conifer with a broadly conical crown of ascending main branches (25-30m x 15m). Reddish-brown bark with narrow vertical plates separated by shallow grooves. Needle-like leaves, bright green in spring becoming greyish-green in summer and turning yellowish orange in autumn. Purplish-red outer branchlets and new shoots. Small cones. A good feature tree for a large cool climate garden for the form and autumn foliage colour. Prefers fertile, deep, moist, well-drained soil and a consistent water supply. Protect from hot drying winds. May need irrigation in dry periods. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Japanese Maple	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broad irregularly shaped crown (4-6m x 3m). Palmate deeply lobed light green leaves in spring deepening to deep green in summer and becoming orange, red or yellow in autumn. A good shade tree or feature tree with attractive foliage, habit and autumn colour. Prefers cool humid climates and deep, acidic, well-drained soil with high organic content. Plant in a sheltered position - needs protecting from strong drying winds in summer. Needs regular rainfall or regular and plentiful irrigation. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Many cultivars with beautiful leaves and forms are available, eg. 'Dissectum Seiryu' (lacey dissected leaves, 4m x 4m) and 'Sango Kaku' (coral pink young stems, 6m x 5m).
Japanese Pagoda Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown (12-15m x 10-12m). Dark green fern-like leaves with numerous narrow leaflets, turning greenish-yellow in autumn. Long terminal clusters of pea-like creamy white pea flowers in late summer. A good shade or feature tree for the late summer flowers. Prefers deep, moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Tolerant of poorer soils. Tolerates light to medium frosts once established. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Japanese Snowbell	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree, usually with a short stem and horizontal branches forming a broad round crown (6-8m x 5m). Orange-brown fissured bark. Oval leaves with finely serrated margins,Smooth and dark green above and hairy and paler below, turning yellow and reddish- brown in autumn. Autumn foliage colour is not showy and is unreliable. Drooping clusters of slightly fragrant white bell-shaped flowers from late spring to early summer, followed by a small greenish-grey fleshy olive-shaped fruit. A good shade or feature tree for the showy flowers and attractive bark. Tolerates a range of soils but prefers deep, fertile, moist, well-drained slightly acidic soils in cool elevated areas. Moderate drought tolerance. Frost hardy.
Japanese Zelkova	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous vase-shaped tree with ascending branches (10-12m x 8-10m). Smooth grey bark with small patches flaking to show reddish-brown bark below. Bright green pointed oval-shaped leaves with serrated margins, turning yellow, coppery-bronze and then red in autumn. Autumn leaf colour is best in cool, moist climates. Small, inconspicuous yellowish-green flowers. A good shade tree or feature tree for autumn foliage colour. Tolerant of a wide range of well-drained soils. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil and full sun. Moderate drought tolerance once established. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
Judas Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown (6-8m x 4-5m). Light grey-brown bark becoming darker with age. Heart-shaped dark green leaves, turning yellow in autumn. Reddish-bronze new growth. Clusters of deep rosy-purple pea-shaped flowers on bare branches before the leaves appear in spring, followed by brown pods in summer which may remain on the tree for some time. A good small feature tree for the showy spring flowers. Tolerates acid and alkaline soil. Prefers reasonably fertile, moist, deep, well-drained soil and full sun. Avoid hot, exposed and windy sites, and consistently dry or very wet sites. Subject to root rot if drainage is poor. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Kashmir Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a pyramidical form and with the main branches terminating in long drooping branchlets (15-20m x 10m). Reddish flaking or shredding bark when mature. Slenderly triangular green to blue-grey leaves borne in pendulous flattened sprays. Small cones that ripen to rich coppery-brown near branch tips. A good screen or feature tree in a large garden for the graceful weeping form and grey-green foliage. Prefers deep, moist, fertile well-drained soils, full sun and cold moist climates. Protect from cold drying winds. Not suitable for hot and dry locations. Tolerates some drought once established. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Keteleeri Eastern Red Cedar	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a dense conical crown (8-10m x 3-5m). Fast growing. Reddish to grey-brown shallow-ribbed bark,Shedding in irregular strips. Dark green leaves with both scale-like adult and prickly needle-like juvenile leaf types present. Foliage colour turning purplish grey in autumn and winter in cooler areas. Small waxy purplish-brown berries. Bird attracting. A good screen or feature tree. Suitable for coastal locations. Tolerant of most well-drained soils. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Koda	Native	Full sun,Part Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen,Deciduous	Mainly evergreen but sometimes deciduous tree with a dense crown (8-10m x 6-8m). Fast growing. Soft slightly glossy green leaves with toothed margins and red new growth. Large clusters of small white fragrant flowers in spring to summer followed by small yellow-orange fruit. Bird attracting. A good shade or feature tree for its attractive fruit. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Requires ample moisture - may need irrigation in dry periods. Requires a sheltered position. Drought sensitive. Tolerant of moderate frost once established.
Lace Bark Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen,Deciduous	Mainly evergreen but sometimes deciduous tree with a dense spreading crown (12-18m x 6-10m). Heart-shaped to five lobed leaves,Slightly shiny and dark green above and silver below. Pink to rosy-magenta bell-shaped flowers on leafless branches in summer, followed by boat-shaped fruit. A good feature tree or shade tree in a large garden. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Protect from strong and salt-laden winds. Prefers adequate water in summer - may need irrigation in dry periods. Drought tolerant once established. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Lasiandra	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a spreading dense crown (5-8m x 3-5m). Tough rough-textured dark green leaves with prominent longitudinal veins, covered with short hard hairs. Purple, rosy-purple or purplish-pink flowers in long sprays in late summer to early winter. A good screen tree or feature tree for the brilliant flower colour. Prefers fertile, well-drained soils, ample moisture during dry periods in the growing seasons and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Moderately drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant once established but may show leaf damage. Cultivars include ?Kathleen? with rosy-pink flowers (5-6m x 4-5m).
Lemon Scented Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a spreading open crown (18-25+m x 10-15m). Attractive smooth creamy-white to pink bark. Light green narrow lanceolate leaves,Strongly lemon scented when crushed. Clusters of creamy-white flowers, followed by woody urn-shaped capsules. A good feature tree or for dappled shade in a large garden. Attracts bees, butterflies and birds. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Drought tolerant. LIght frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Lemon Scented Myrtle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an upright or rounded crown (6-9m x 3-5m). Strongly lemon scented leathery and glossy lanceolate leaves. Clusters of white honey-scented flowers in summer. A good feature,Shade or screen tree. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Light frost tolerant.
Lemon-scented Tea Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded form (4-7m x 4-7m). Glossy green narrow leaves,Strongly lemon-scented when crushed. Bronze coloured new growth. Inconspicuous small white flowers along the outer branches in spring and early summer. Bird attracting. A good screen tree. Adaptable to most soils and conditions. Prefers a well-drained soil and full sun. Drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant.
Leopard Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous or semi-deciduous upright tree with a rounded form and layered foliage (8-15m x 8-10m). Attractive smooth bark with random mottled patches of grey, brown and cream (giving it a leopard print appearance). Bright green compound fern-like leaves and bronze coloured new growth. Terminal clusters of bright yellow flowers during summer followed by long flattened waxy seed pods. A good feature or shade tree. Attracts birds, bees and butterflies. Tolerates a range of soil conditions but prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil and full sun with shelter from cold winds. Drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant once established. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Lilac	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with arching branches, often multi-stemmed (3-5m x 2-2.5m). Smooth heart-shaped leaves. Large heads of fragrant flowers in spring in shades of white,Pink, mauve, lilac-blue and purple-reds. A good small feature tree for the spring flowers. Prefers a cool climate and moist, fertile, alkaline soil. Sensitive to soil acidity. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Lilly Pilly	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (10-15m x 7-12m). Thick, dark glossy green leaves with pink new growth. White fluffy flowers in summer followed by edible fleshy creamy-pink berry-like fruit which turns to pinky-red when ripe. A good large screen tree or shade tree. Tolerates shade and heavy soils. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Tolerant of light frost only.
Liquidambar	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches and almost horizontal lower branches, conical but broadening with age (18-25m x 10-15m). Fast growing. Distinctive corky bark on stem and branches. Glossy dark green palmately-lobed leaves turning yellow, orange and bright red in autumn. Foliage colour is best in cooler areas. Inconspicuous greenish-yellow flowers followed by spiky woody ball-shaped fruit which stays on the tree throughout winter. A good shade or feature tree for autumn foliage colour in a large garden. Prefers deep, moist, well-drained soil, full sun and ample water in summer. Tolerates wind exposure and periodic waterlogging. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Little Gem Bull Bay Magnolia	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	High	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with compact growth habit and a dense conical crown (5-6m x 3m). Large leathery leaves are glossy green above with a copper coloured velvet texture below. Large fragrant creamy-white flowers in summer to autumn. A good screen or feature tree and for planting in areas with restricted above ground space. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, acidic, well-drained soil and reliable water supply during summer. Sensitive to salinity. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. Moderate frost tolerant but needs protection when young. Plant in protected, warm and preferably elevated microclimates in cooler areas to minimise frost damage.
Long-leaved Tuckaroo	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen slender tree (6m x 3m). Large compound serrated leaves with showy deep red new growth. Long sprays of pink flowers followed by pink fruit. A good feature tree. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Lutea Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a slender conical form (7-8m x 2-3m). Densely flattened sprays of rich yellow-gold leaves drooping at the tips. A good feature tree for form and foliage colour in a cool climate garden. Prefers well-drained soil in full sun. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Macadamia Nut	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	High	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a domed crown (8-15m x 8-10m). Whorls of dark green oblong leaves with serrated margins. Whitish-cream flowers in narrow pendulous clusters in spring, followed by edible nuts maturing in late summer to autumn. A good shade tree and for nut production. Prefers moist, deep, fertile soil and reliable water supply in summer. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Magenta Lilly Pilly or Brush Cherry	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded crown, often with a short stem (8-15m x 6-10m). Variable shaped leaves (from oval to broadly lanceolate) dark glossy green above,Paler and shiny below. Bronze-red new growth. Dense clusters of small white fluffy flowers in late spring and summer followed by magenta pink fleshy oval-shaped fleshy fruit. Fruit is edible and often used to make jams and chutneys. A good shade tree. Attracts bees, butterflies and birds. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soils and consistent moisture. May need irrigation in dry periods. Light frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Maidenhair Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	High	Medium,Large	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with horizontal branching, upright when young and spreading with age (12-20m x 7-10m). Long-lived. Fan-shaped two-lobed bright green leaves, turning golden yellow in autumn. Separate male and female plants. Male plant is preferable as female fruit has an unpleasant odour. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Prefers moist, deep, fertile soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Maiden's Wattle	Native	Part shade,Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a slender to spreading crown (to 10m x 6m). Deeply fissured, dark grey bark. Pendulous gently curved phyllodes (modified leaves). Pale yellow rod-like flowers in summer and autumn, followed by twisted or coiled seed pods. A good screen or feature tree for an informal setting. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Manchurian Pear	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a dense broadly conical crown (8-14m x 7-12m). Glossy dark green rounded leaves turning bronze,Scarlet and plum-red in autumn. White flowers in spring, followed by inedible yellowish green pear-shaped fruit. A good shade tree or feature tree in a large garden for spring flowers and autumn foliage colour. Prefers deep, moist, fertile, well-drained soil, ample moisture during the warmer months and full sun. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Mango	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense spreading crown (12-15m x 5-8m). Glossy dark green lanceolate prominently veined and slightly aromatic leaves. Reddish or bright green new growth. Terminal clusters of insignificant flowers followed by green to reddish or yellowish mango fruit in summer. A good fruit or shade tree for a warm protected position. Requires deep, fertile, well-drained soil regularly replenished with organic matter or fertiliser in the growing season. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Mugga Ironbark	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (20-25m x 8-12m). Deeply furrowed bark, black on the surface and rusty red below. Dull blue-grey pendulous leaves. Small pendulous clusters of white flowers in winter to summer. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Tolerates a wide variety of well drained soils. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens. The cultivar 'Rosea' has pink flowers.
Musk Daisy Bush	Native	Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (3-9m x 2-5m). Large green leaves with toothed margins and a silver underside. Large terminal clusters of faintly musk scented creamy-white daisy-like flowers in spring and early summer. A good screen tree. Needs a sheltered position. Prefers moist, well composted soil. Drought sensitive. Tolerant of light frost.
Narrow Leafed Apple	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (10m x 6-10m). Rough grey-brown, loosely fissured and spongy bark. Narrow lanceolate leaves. Terminal clusters of cream flowers in spring-summer, followed by woody ribbed cup-shaped fruit. A good shade,Screen or feature tree. Prefers well-drained soil. Moderately drought tolerant. Tolerant of light frosts.
Narrow-leafed Ironbark	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a irregular spreading crown (25+m x 10-15m). Hard, coarsely furrowed reddish-grey to blackish bark (ironbark). Dull green to grey-green leaves. Terminal clusters of cream flowers from early spring to late summer. A good shade tree in a large garden. Tolerates heavy soils. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Narrow-leaved Peppermint	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown, often with pendulous branches (15-20+m x 8-15m). Rough, finely fibrous grey or grey-brown bark. Dark green large narrow lanceolate leaves,Smelling strongly of peppermint when crushed. Profuse clusters of creamy-white flowers in late spring to summer. A good shade tree,Screen tree or feature tree in a large garden. Prefers moist, well-drained soil and a cool climate. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Natchez Crepe Myrtle	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous to semi-deciduous tree with a vase-shaped to rounded crown (8-9m x 5-6m). Attractive smooth bark, exfoliating to reveal random mottled rusty-brown patches. Elliptical shaped leaves, dark green and glossy above and paler beneath, changing to yellow, orange and reddish-bronze in autumn. Large showy terminal clusters of white flowers during summer and early autumn. A good screen or feature tree for the showy flowers. Suitable for coastal areas. Prefers moist, fertile,Slightly acidic, well-drained soil, full sun and protection from strong summer winds. Moderate drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant.
Native Frangipani	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a slender form (7-9m x 3-5m). Large leaves, glossy dark green above and paler and dull green below. Terminal clusters of small fragrant creamy-white flowers aging to yellow in spring. Flowers best in full sun. Bird attracting. A good screen or feature tree or for planting where above ground space is limited. Prefers some wind protection and moderately fertile, well-drained soil. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Native Tamarind	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (15+m x 10m). Large leathery pinnate leaves. Inconspicuous flowers, followed by hairy brown capsules. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Bird attracting. Prefers a sheltered site with moist, well-drained soil. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Native Teak	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (15-20m x 8-12m). Large glossy pinnate leaves. Terminal clusters of small white flowers in spring followed by large woody and spikey pods opening into five boat shaped segments. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. A good feature or shade tree for a large garden. Suitable for warm coastal areas. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Norfolk Island Pine	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with pyramidal growth habit and strong architectural form (20-30+m x 10-15m). Dark brown scaly bark. Mid-green needle-like incurved leaves spirally arranged on regularly spaced whorls of horizontal branches. Greenish cones ripening to brown. A good feature tree for a large garden. Suitable for a coastal garden. Very tolerant of wind and salt spray. Requires well drained soils. Drought tolerant once established. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
NSW Christmas Bush	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (5-7m x 3-5m). Light green finely trifoliate leaves with finely toothed leaf margins,Sometimes with orange to red new growth. Terminal clusters of creamy-white star-like flowers in late spring with the sepals turning red in summer. A good screen tree. Prefers a protected position with fertile, well-drained soil. Water generously in spring and summer for good flower production. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost hardy once established.
NZ Christmas Bush	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with with a spreading crown (8-12m x 5-6m). Fibrous grey bark. Grey-green elliptic leaves with light grey felted texture below. Terminal clusters of pincushion crimson-red flowers in summer, followed by small leathery skinned capsules. A good screen or small feature tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Tolerant of a wide range of well-drained soils. Prefers a warm coastal location and well-drained light or sandy soil, full sun and a reliable supply of water in summer. Tolerant to salinity and salt laden winds. Mild drought tolerance. Light frost tolerance.
Old Man Banksia	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree often with a gnarled and twisted form (6-10m x 4-5m). Corrugated rough textured corky bark. Oblong leathery saw-toothed leaves, dark green above and grey-green below. Cylindrical grey green flower spikes turning purplish brown and then aging to grey brown, followed woody seed capsules. A good shade or feature tree for the interesting form, flowers and bark. Attracts birds and insects. Tolerant of salinity. Prefers infertile well-drained sandy soils. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Orchid Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Semi-deciduous to deciduous tree, usually with a short single stem and ascending branches forming a vase-shaped or spreading crown (6-8m x 5-8m). Leaves entire to midpoint then divided into 2 lobes, dark green above and paler green below. Terminal sprays of funnel-shaped pink to purple flowers (usually with a deeper shade on the upper petal) mainly in spring, followed by large flat seed pods. A good feature tree for the showy flowers. Needs protection from strong coastal winds. Tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers fertile, acidic, well-drained soil. Tolerates light shade but prefers full sun. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive. Var. candida is slightly larger (8-10m x6-8m) and has white flowers in spring.
Parramatta Red Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (12-15m x 8-10m). Dull green lanceolate leaves. Bark sheds in large plates to leave a smooth mottled grey and white surface. Clusters of white flowers in summer. A good shade or feature tree in poorly draining clay soil. Bird attracting. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Pecan	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded open crown (12-15m x 6-10m). Coppery-green bark becoming greyish with age. Bright green compound leaves. Insignificant flowers followed by edible nuts. A good tree for shade and nut production in a large garden. Needs deep, well-drained soil and hot conditions during the growing season. Moderately drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Persian Ironwood	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown, often multi-stemmed (7-10m x 5-8m). Rich green diamond shaped leaves with unevenly scalloped margins turning gold and crimson in autumn. Small red flowers on bare wood in early spring. A good feature tree for form and autumn foliage colour. Tolerates most soil types but prefers well-drained, acidic soil. Tolerant of wind exposure once established. Prefers a cool mountain climate. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Photinia	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen multi-stemmed tree with a dense rounded crown (4-6m x 4-6m). Fast growing. Dark green leathery leaves and inkish-red to bronze new growth. Terminal clusters of small creamy-white flowers in late spring to summer and sometimes throughout the year, followed by small round reddish-brown fruit. A good small screen or feature tree for the colourful new foliage. Tolerates a wide range of well-drained soils and conditions. Drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy.
Pin Oak	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous broadly pyramidal tree with horizontal or pendulous lower branches (15-25m x 5-8m). Deeply lobed glossy green leaves turning bronze, red and brown in autumn. Brown leaves held on tree long after the colour change. Insignificant catkin flowers and acorn fruit. A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Tolerates a wide range of soil types and wet soil. Prefers moist, deep, acidic soil in full sun. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens. Cultivars include 'Freefall' (15m x 8m).
Pineapple Guava	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown and often with multiple stems (4-5m x 3-4m). Red-brown bark. Tough oval leaves, mid-green above and silverly below. Showy red and white flowers in late spring and summer, followed by elongated green egg-sized edible guava-like fruit. Bee and bird attracting. A good small screen and fruit tree. Prefers well-drained soil, full sun and a sheltered position. Drought tolerant but drought may affect fruit yield. Frost hardy.
Pink Tipped Bottlebrush	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a compact dense crown (7-9m x 4-6m). Fast growing. Attractive papery bark. Bright green narrow lanceolate (willow-like) leaves with bronze-pink new growth. Cylindrical creamy-white flower spikes in summer. A good screen or small shade tree. Bird attracting. Tolerates both wet and dry positions. Moderately drought tolerant. Tolerant of light frosts. Avoid planting close to structures.
Pistachio	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded crown (9-15m x 9-12m). Fast growing. Dark grey bark with shallow furrows. Compound leaves, dark green and slightly shiny above and paler green and duller below, turning yellow, orange and bright scarlet in autumn. Clusters of small greenish-white inconspicuous flowers in spring, followed by small fleshy berries ripening to a blue colour. A good shade or feature tree for autumn foliage colour. Tolerates most well-drained soils. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Pompom Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen,Deciduous	Evergreen tree with a rounded open crown (3-6m x 3-5m ). Semi-deciduous in colder areas. Fast growing. Grey-brown bark which is sometimes streaked. Oval or oblong leaves, dark blue-green above,Paler below. Flower buds are rounded at the end of branches and look like lollypops. The buds open up to fragrant mauve-pink soft pompom like clusters of flowers in summer. After flowering the grey-brown bracts remain on the tree for several weeks. The flowers attract butterflies and other insects. A good screen or feature tree for the profuse showy flowers. Prefers a light, fertile, well-drained soil. Needs an open sunny site and regular summer rain or irrigation. Needs protection from salt-laden winds. Drought resistant once established. Tolerant of mild frost.
Port Jackson Fig	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense broad-domed crown (15-20m x 15-20m). Smooth or rough grey-brown bark. Buttressed stem and aerial roots from the lower branches. Broad oval leaves with a short blunt tip, glossy dark green above and dull pale olive-green to rusty coloured with short hairs below. Small inconspicuous flowers followed by small yellow-green round fruit (figs) in pairs, ripening to red in autumn. A good shade tree or screen tree for a large garden. Tolerant of coastal conditions but needs protection from salt laden winds. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions provided the soil is well-drained. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil with reliable moisture, a warm climate and an open position in full sun. Moderate drought tolerance once established. Light frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Port Jackson Pine	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with pendulous new growth (8-12m x 2-4m). Bluish-green short fine leaves crowded on branches, turning bronze-purple in winter. Rounded cones in clusters. Good as a narrow screen tree or as an accent for vertical form and a formal appearance. Bird attracting for food and nesting. Prefers well-drained soil. May need irrigation during prolonged dry periods. Frost hardy.
Prickly-leaved Paperbark	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a domed crown (7-12m x 6-10m). Attractive thick,Sprongy whitish papery bark. Small lanceolate or narrow oval leaves with a pointed (prickly) tip. Profuse cylindrical spikes of creamy-white flowers in summer, followed by dense clusters of small roundish capsules. A good screen or feature tree. Bird attracting. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions including poor drainage, heavy clay soils and saline soils. Prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Moderate frost tolerance.
Purple-leaved Plum	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with an ascending branches and a vase-shaped to rounded crown (5-7m x 3-4m). Grey-brown furrowed bark on mature trees and purple young stems. Reddish-purple oval leaves with serrated margins. Faintly perfumed flowers in later winter and early spring, either solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, rose-pink in bud opening to pale pink. A good feature tree for the flowers and foliage colour contrast. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil, ample moisture during spring and summer and full sun. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
Queensland Kauri Tree	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a single straight stem, dense crown and conical form (20-25+m x 6-10m). An antipodean conifer. Bark is smooth and grey-green when the tree is young, becoming mottled grey-brown with scattered flakey patches as the tree matures. Broad leathery dark green leaves are irregularly opposite and have veins running parallel and lengthwise to the leaf tip. Large green cones. A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Prefers deep, well drained soils, full sun and warm and humid locations. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Queensland Laurel	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with ascending branches and domed crown (10-15m x 6-8m). Smooth grey bark. Rhombic-ovate leaves, glossy dark green above and paler and duller below, aromatic when crushed. Terminal clusters of lightly perfumed creamy-white flowers in summer, followed by shining orange berries containing black seeds. A good shade tree or feature tree. Tolerates a range of moist, well-drained soils. Prefers reliable and ample moisture. Moderate drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Red Ash	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen,Deciduous	Semi-deciduous in cooler areas but otherwise an evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (10-16m x 8-12m). Fast growing. Can be short lived. Narrow leaves,Shiny green on top and silvery grey and hairy below. Clusters of small cream flowers in autumn followed by globular black fruit. A good shade tree or windbreak. Tolerates coastal salt-laden winds. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions but not water logged soil. Prefers deep, well-drained soil and full sun. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Red Bloodwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen open crowned tree (15-20m x 10-12m). Rough tile-like grey-brown bark. Glossy dark green leaves. Large terminal clusters of creamy-white honey-scented flowers in summer and early autumn. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Tolerates infertile sandy soil. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Red Cedar	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium,Large	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with an open crown and often with a buttressed trunk (10-20+m x 8-15m). Fast growing. Compound pinnate leaves with pink new growth. Clusters of perfumed white flowers in spring followed by small brown woody capsules which split into five valves. A good feature or shade tree in a large garden. Prefers moist, deep, well drained soil. May need irrigation in dry periods. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Red Maple	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded crown (20m x 10m). Fast growing. Palmately tri-lobed dark green leaves turning bright red in autumn. Tiny red flowers on bare branches in spring. A good shade or feature tree for autumn colour in a large garden. Prefers cool humid climates and deep, moist, acidic, well-drained soil with high organic content and full sun. Tolerant of periodic wet or dry soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Red Olive Berry	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (variable size - 3-8m x 1-3m). Fast growing. Glossy and leathery leaves with toothed or scalloped margins, mid-green above and pale green below. Clusters of insignificant pale yellowish-green flowers within the foliage in later winter-spring followed by fleshy orange-red olive sized fruit. A good screen tree. Prefers some shade, and moderately fertile and well-drained soil. Responds to summer watering. Drought tolerant. May tolerate light frost once established.
Redbud	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous tree usually with a short stem, low branches and a rounded crown (5m x 5m). Slow growing. Dark reddish-brown bark. Young branches have a 'zig-zag' shape. Large heart-shaped leaves turn from reddish-purple in spring to purplish-green in summer, often turning yellow to orange in autumn. Clusters of showy fushia-pink pea-like flowers borne along leafless branches in spring. A good screen or feature tree for foliage colour contrast. Tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers reasonably fertile, moist, deep, well-drained soil and full sun. Not suitable for consistently dry or very wet sites. Protect from strong and drying winds. Frost hardy.
Rhododendron	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen shrub or tree, often multi-stemmed and with dense foliage cover to the ground (2-12m depending on cultivar). Initially slow growing. Large showy clusters of bell-shaped flowers in spring. A good small feature tree for the flowers. Best in a cool mountain climate where it tolerates full sun. Requires partial shade in a warmer climate. Compatible with azaleas and camellias. Prefers fertile, acidic, well-drained with plenty of organic matter. Drought sensitive. Mostly frost hardy (depends on cultivar).
Riberry	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an irregularly rounded crown (8-10m x 5-6m). Small dark green shiny leaves with a pointed tip,Slightly aromatic when crushed. Pale pink to red new growth. Mainly terminal clusters of fluffy creamy-white flowers in summer, followed by pear-shaped bright pink to red berries. The fruit is edible and often used to make jams and chutneys. Fruit attracts birds. Tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil, warm frost free sites and abundant summer rain. May need irrigation in dry periods. Drought sensitive. Tolerates light frost.
River Birch	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a graceful broadly conical form (10-12m x 6-8m). Highly ornamental papery bark which peels to show creamy-salmon new bark. Glossy dark green leaves with a serrated margin, turning yellow in autumn. Slender yellow-green catkins in spring. A good feature tree for the decorative bark, finely textured crown and autumn foliage colour. Tolerates wet sites but prefers moist, deep, acidic, fertile, well-drained soil. Prefers a cool to temperate climate but is the most heat tolerant of all the birches. Needs protecting from hot dry winds on warmer sites. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods during spring and summer. Frost hardy. Cultivars include 'Cully' (11m x 7m).
Rose Apple	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded spreading crown (10-12m x 4-8m). Dark green glossy lanceolate leaves. Terminal clusters of white fluffy flowers from spring to autumn, followed by small fleshy fruit. The fruit is edible and often used to make jam and chutneys. A good screen or shade tree. Prefers moist, fertile, well drained soil. May need irrigation in dry periods. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Rough-barked Apple	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a broad-dome shape, and gnarled and twisted upper limbs (15-20m x 10-13m). Grey-brown rough fibrous bark,Sometimes spongy. Broad lanceolate leaves. Dense terminal clusters of creamy-white flowers in spring to summer, followed by woody ribbed cup-shaped fruit. A good shade tree or feature tree in a large garden. Prefers a gully or slope location with deep, moist, well-drained soil. Needs a sheltered site. Drought tolerant once established. Frost sensitive when young. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Rowan Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches and a rounded open crown (10-12m x 6-7m). Compound fern-like leaves turning orange-scarlet in cool climates. Large terminal clusters of creamy-white flowers with a slightly unpleasant smell in spring followed by large clusters of orange to red fleshy berries in autumn. Fruit attracts birds. A good shade,Screen or feature tree in a cool, moist site. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil and cooler climates. Leaves may burn in dry sites with high summer temperatures. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures.
Sasanqua Camellia	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense broad-domed crown (4-6m x 4-5m). Dark green leaves with finely serrated margins,Sometimes with bronze new growth. Large showy single or double flowers in autumn to winter. Flower colour is typically white or shades of pink. Type and colour of flower depends on the cultivar. A good screen or small feature tree. Tolerates a range of sites but prefers moist, fertile, acidic, well-drained soil. Avoid hot dry positions in warmer areas. Drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy once established.
Saucer Magnolia	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	High	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded crown, often multi-stemmed or branching from the base (5-8m x 3-6m). Large glossy green broadly oval leaves. Flowers are tulip-like, rose pink to purple on the outside and white inside and appear before the leaves in late winter to spring. A good small feature tree. Needs a sheltered position protected from strong winds. Prefers deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil and reliable water supply in summer. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Scentless Rosewood	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (6-9m x 4-5m). Grey-green to brown scaly bark. Deep glossy green leaflets, bright green when young. Clusters of insignificant fragrant white flowers in late summer followed by a reddish brown 3-lobed capsule. A good small shade tree. Tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers a fertile, moist, well-drained soil and a consistent water supply. Requires shelter from strong winds. Frost sensitive.
Scribbly Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown,Sometimes with a twisted and multi-stemmed form (8-15m x 8-12m). Smooth white bark marked with ?scribbles? caused by insect activity. Broad lanceolate leaves. Creamy-white flowers from late spring to early autumn. A good feature tree or shade tree. Attractive in group plantings. Prefers sandy soil and suitable for low fertility soils. Moderately wind and salt tolerant. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures.
Scrub Cherry	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded form and dense crown (5-8m x 4-6m). Narrow to broadly oval leaves, glossy mid-green above and paler below. Pale bronze-green new growth. Terminal clusters of white fluffy flowers in late autumn and summer, followed by red or mauve fleshy fruit. The edible fruit is often used to make jams and chutneys. A good shade or screen tree particularly for coastal sites as low branches offer good protection from winds. Salt spray tolerant. Prefers deep, moist, well drained soil. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive.
Silky Myrtle	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen profusely flowering tree (6-10m x 3-4m). Shiny broad lanceolate leaves. Masses of small white flowers in summer and autumn followed by small black fruit. A good screen tree. Prefers a sheltered location with moist, well-drained soil. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Silver Birch	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous broadly columnar tree with pendulous branches (8-15m x 4- 8m). Attractive silver-white bark. Bright green oval to heart-shaped finely serrated leaves turning yellow in autumn. Yellow-green catkins in spring. A good feature tree for the bark, fresh green leaves and elegant form or for planting in groups. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil in a cool to temperate climate. Protect from strong drying winds in warm areas. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods during spring and summer. Frost hardy. The cultivar 'Dalecarlica' (Cut Leaf Birch) has distinctive feathery leaves with a deeply cut margins (11m x 6m).
Silver Tree	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree,Slender when young and broader with age (6-8m x 3-4m). Fast growing. Can be short lived. Attractive clustered and spirally arranged silky and silvery lanceolate leaves. Insignificant waratah-like flowers with male and female flowers on separate trees. A good feature tree for foliage contrast. Needs slightly acidic,Sandy soil,Perfect drainage and regular moisture throughout the year. Protect from wind. Avoid root disturbance. Drought sensitive. Light frost tolerant once established.
Silver-top Ash	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (20+m x 10-15m). Brown-black furrowed bark on the stem and to the large branches, with smooth smaller white branches above. Lanceolate, thick glossy leaves. Clusters of white flowers in spring and summer. A good screen or shade tree in a large informal garden. Prefers sandy well-drained soil with good rainfall. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Small-leaved Lilly Pilly	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergeen tree with a conical form and dense crown (5-8m x 3-4m). Small dark green glossy leaves and bronze coloured new growth. Creamy-white fluffy flowers in summer followed by creamy-pink round berry-like fruit which turn pinky-red when ripe. A good screen tree. Tolerates a wide range of soils and conditions but refers deep, well drained loamy soil. Avoid wet and poorly drained soils. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Small-leaved Tamarind	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense rounded crown (6-8m x 6-8m). Leathery leaves with wavy margins, dark green and glossy above and paler and less glossy below. Clusters of small cream-brown flowers in summer followed by 2 or 3-lobed brown capsules containing red seeds. A good small shade or screen tree. Attracts birds and insects. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil and part-shade position. Protect from strong drying winds particularly when young. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive.
Smooth-barked Apple	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with variable growth habit from pyramidal to rounded with twisted branches (12-20m x 10-15m). Attractive smooth bark. Old bark sheds in spring with new bark pink turning grey before the next shedding. Lanceolate leaves with red tipped new growth. Large clusters of white,Showy flowers in early summer, followed by woody ribbed cup-shaped fruit. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Sensitive to poorly drained soils. Drought tolerant. Sensitive to frost when young. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Snow-in-Summer	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open domed crown (6-10m x 4-6m). Thick,Spongy, whitish papery bark. Bright green linear leaves. Dense terminal spikes of creamy white feather-like flowers in late spring to summer, followed by grey-brown capsules. A good screen,Shade or feature tree for the profuse flowers. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions including flooding and poorly drained sites. May need irrigation in dry periods. Moderate drought tolerance. Frost hardy.
Spartan Juniper	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a dense conical crown (5-9 x 2-3m). Rich dark green scale-like leaves. A good screen or feature tree where above ground space is restricted. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Spotted Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a slender crown (18-25+m x 10-15m). Attractive smooth bark with mottled patches of white,Pink or copper. Glossy, curved lanceolate leaves. Small clusters of creamy-white flowers from late autumn to early spring. A good feature or shade tree tree in a large garden. Attracts bees and birds. Suitable for coastal areas and tolerant of salt laden winds. Tolerant of a wide range of soils but soil must be free draining. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy once established - requires protection when young. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Stewarts Golden Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a conical form (7-8m x 2.5m). Flattened sprays of scale-like leaves drooping slightly at the tips, bright yellow-gold when fully exposed to the sun, turning pale green later in the season. A good feature or screen tree for a cool climate garden. Needs moist, well-drained soil in full sun. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Stone Pine	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a flat topped umbrella-shaped crown (15-25m x 10-15m). Slow growing. Orange to reddish-brown bark, with irregular flat plates separated by deep cracks. Dark green stiff needle-like leaves. Pineapple-like brown cones containing edible pine nuts. A good feature tree. Suitable for coastal gardens. Prefers deep,Slightly acidic, well-drained soils and full sun. Tolerant of salt-laden winds. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Strawberry Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with broadly spreading crown (6-8m x 6-7m). Rough and fissured red-brown bark. Oblong toothed leaves are glossy green above,Paler below. Drooping terminal clusters of small bell-shaped white flowers flushed with pink in autumn followed by small strawberry-like berry ripening to red in autumn. A good small ornamental feature or screen tree. Prefers well-drained, acidic soil, and an open and sunny aspect. Suitable for coastal locations provided it is sheltered from coastal winds. Drought tolerant once established. Frost hardy.
Swamp Cypress	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	High	Large	Deciduous	Deciduous conifer with a broadly conical crown (20+m x 6-10m). Attractive dull reddish-brown and fissured bark. Sometimes produces 'cypress knees' (pneumatophores) from surface roots if the roots are fully submerged in water. Soft fresh, fine-textured, green linear leaves turning rust-brown in autumn. A good feature tree for a large garden planted in wet,Swampy ground or near permanent water. Tolerant of any moist soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Swamp Mahogany	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (12-18m x 8-12m). Rough deeply fissured mahogany-red to grey bark. Large coarse leathery and glossy dark green leaves. Clusters of creamy-white flowers in spring to autumn. A good screen or shade tree particularly in a wet position or coastal garden. Tolerant of poorly drained saline soils. Tolerant of salt laden winds. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Swamp Oak	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown,Pyramidal when young, becoming rounded and contorted with age (15-20m x 8-15m). Slightly pendulous branches. Leaves reduced to triangular scales around the branches. Globular to cylindrical cones. Good mass planted as a screen, windbreak or erosion control, or as a feature tree or shade tree. Adaptable to all soils but prefers deep, moist,Sandy loam. Tolerant of salinity and salt laden winds. Leaf litter inhibits the growth of other plants beneath the tree. Moderate drought tolerant. Light to moderate frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Sweet Michelia	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	High	Medium	Evergreen	Mostly evergreen tree with a broad umbrella-shaped crown (8-12m x 4-6m). Large glossy green leaves. Large fragrant white to pale yellow flowers in spring. A good small shade tree. Prefers moist, fertile, acidic, well-drained soil and an open position in full sun. Protect from strong winds. May lose some leaves in cool climates. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Sydney Blue Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an irregularly round open crown (25-30m x 10-15m). Rough flaky dark brown-grey bark at the base of the stem and smooth powdery white-grey-blue bark above shedding in short ribbons or flakes. Narrow lanceolate leaves, glossy green above and paler beneath. Clusters of white flowers in summer. A good shade or feature tree for a very large garden. Prefers deep fertile soil. Moderately drought tolerant. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Sydney Green Wattle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (6-8m x 6m). Fast growing. Bark greenish-black or dark brown-black,Smooth or fissured. Bipinnate dark green leaves with fine leaflets. Ball-shaped heads of pale yellow flowers in summer, followed by seed pods. A good screen tree. Attracts birds. Suitable for both sand and clay soils. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Taiwan Cherry	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches and a vase-shaped to rounded crown (6-8m x 4-5m). Oval pale to dark green leaves with long pointed tips, turning yellow, orange and deep red in autumn. Weeping clusters of rosey-red bell-shaped flowers in late winter. A good feature tree for the showy flowers. Prefers full sun, deep, fertile, well-drained soil, and ample moisture during spring and summer. Protect from strong winds. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods. Light frost tolerant.
Tallow wood	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense spreading crown (20-25m x 10-15m). Soft fibrous reddish-brown bark. Dark green leaves. Large showy clusters of cream flowers between late winter and summer. A good shade tree for a large garden. Tolerant of a wide range of soils. Drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Totara	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a dense rounded crown (20+m in old age but usually 12-15m x 7-15m, ). Slow growing and long lived. Attractive reddish fibrous bark,Peeling off in flakes. Sharp stiff leathery dull dark green leaves. Male and female flowers occur on separate trees. Fleshy rounded fruit ripening to red in autumn. Fruit is bird attracting. A good tall screen tree. Prefers moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Tree Bignonia	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown (10-12m x 8-10m). Large soft egg-shaped leaves. Showy terminal clusters of whitish pink bell-shaped flowers with purple and yellow markings in summer, followed by long bean-like pods. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden for the new spring foliage and showy flowers. Prefers fertile, well-drained soils with regular summer rainfall or irrigation. Protect from strong winds to preserve the large leaves. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Not suitable for small gardens. The cultivar 'Nana' is smaller (5m x 3m) with a compact dense rounded crown.
Tree Gardenia	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with upright branches forming a narrow dome (3-5m x 2m). Glossy leathery leaves. Fragrant white bell-shaped flowers with reddish spots in the throat in spring, followed by round green berries which ripen to brown-black in late summer. A good small shade or screen tree. Prefers slightly acidic, well-drained soil. Moderately drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant.
Tree Waratah	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading habit (10m x 6m). Slow to establish. Glossy green adult leaves and lobed juvenile leaves. Clusters of bright red flowers towards the ends of branches in spring and summer. A good screen or feature tree. Spectacular in flower. Bird attracting. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions but not waterlogged soil. Needs ample water. Drought tolerant once established but flowering will be reduced. Frost sensitive but established plants can tolerate light frosts.
Trident Maple	Exotic	Full sun,Part Shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with ascending branches when young, developing a broad conical crown when mature (8-12m x 5-8m). Pale grey coarsely flaky bark. Three lobed leaves with three main veins radiating from the leaf base. New leaves in spring are often red maturing to green, and colouring to red, orange and yellow in autumn. A good shade or feature tree with attractive foliage, habit and autumn colour. Prefers cool humid climates and deep, well drained acidic soil with high organic content. Plant in a sheltered position - needs protecting from strong drying winds in summer. Needs good rainfall throughout the year or regular and plentiful irrigation. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.
Tuckeroo	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (8-12m x 5-8m). Large glossy green leathery leaves. Bronze coloured new growth. Insignificant greenish-white flowers in spring-summer followed by yellow-orange capsules. A good shade or feature tree. Suitable for coastal areas. Bird attracting. Tolerant of a wide range of soils. Tolerant of salt spray. Drought tolerant. Frost sensitive.
Tulip Tree	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium,Large	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broadly conical form (12-20m x 6-10m). Lobed deep green shiny leaves with a notched tip, turning yellow in autumn. Solitary large fragrant greenish-white tulip-shaped flowers with an orange-yellow blotch at the base in late spring to early summer. May take 5 years or more to flower. A good shade or feature tree in a large garden. Prefers deep, moist, acidic, well-drained soil, full sun and a cool climate. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Tulipwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense spreading crown (8-12m x 6-10m). Scaly textured light grey bark. Glossy dark green blunt-ended leaves. Long sprays of greenish-yellow flowers followed by decorative two-lobed orange berries which open up to reveal shiny black seeds. A good shade or feature tree. Tolerant of a wide range of growing conditions. Prefers moist, well-drained soil and an open position in full sun. Drought sensitive. Frost sensitive.
Tupelo	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous broadly conical tree (11-15m x 6-8m). Oval glossy dark to mid green leaves turning yellow, orange and red in autumn. Insignificant greenish-white flowers. A good shade or feature tree for autumn foliage colour. Prefers moist, fertile well-drained soil and full sun near permanent water or with a reliable water supply in summer. Tolerates wet conditions. Wind tolerant. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Turpentine	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown (12-20m x 8-10m). Grey-brown fibrous and fissured bark. Thick leathery stiff lanceolate leaves with a greyish underside. Clusters of fluffy white flowers in summer followed by a round woody cluster of fruit capsules which are fused together at the edges. A good feature tree or windbreak in a large garden. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions. Prefers deep, fertile soil. Suitable for coastal gardens. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Tuscarora Crepe Myrtle	Exotic	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Small	Deciduous	Deciduous to semi-deciduous tree with a vase-shaped to rounded crown (5-6m x 4m). Attractive smooth bark, exfoliating to reveal mottled light brown patches. Elliptical shaped leaves, dark green and glossy above and paler beneath, changing to yellow and reddish-orange in autumn. Reddish-green new growth. Large showy terminal clusters of dark fuchsia-pink flowers during summer and early autumn. A good screen or feature tree for the showy flowers. Suitable for coastal areas. Prefers moist, fertile,Slightly acidic, well-drained soil, full sun and protection from strong summer winds. Moderate drought tolerant once established. Light frost tolerant. Cultivars include the smaller 'Sioux' with mid-pink flowers (4.5m x 3m) and 'Yuma' with mid-lavender flowers (4m x 3m).
Urbanite Ash	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a broadly pyramidal form, upright branching and a dense crown (10-12m x 8-10m). Attractive greyish-brown bark becoming ridged and fissured with age. Compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets, dark green above and silvery-green below, turning yellow to bronze in autumn. Insignificant yellowish-green flowers and reported to be seedless. A good screen or feature tree for autumn foliage colour. Tolerant of a wide range of soils and conditions. Prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun. Moderate drought resistant. Frost hardy.
Wallangarra Wattle	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a slender dense crown (6-10m x 3-4m). Long narrow phyllodes (modified leaves) borne on pendulous branches, reddish-bronze when young, maturing to deep green. Dense clusters of sweetly scented yellow ball-shaped flowers in spring, followed by seed pods. A good screen or feature tree. Prefers well-drained moist soil in full sun. Frost hardy.
Water Gum	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a dense crown and graceful form (7-14m x 5-8m). Smooth shiny bark which becomes attractively marked and scaly with age. Narrow lanceolate leaves, glossy dark green above and paler below. Creamy-yellow flowers in dense clusters at the end of branches in spring and summer, followed by small round capsules which are green at first ripening to brown in autumn. A good shade tree. Prefers moist, well drained soil. Tolerant of poorly drained soils. Drought tolerant once established. May need irrigation in dry periods. Light frost tolerant once established.
Weeping Bottlebrush	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown and weeping habit (6-10m x 5-8m). Pendulous branches of light green stiff lanceolate leaves. Soft new growth. Rich red brush-like flowers appear profusely in spring and summer. A good small shade or screen tree. Bird and insect attracting. Tolerates wind,Periodic water-logging and salinity. Moderately drought tolerant. Tolerates light to medium frosts. Many cultivars available including 'Hannah Ray, 'Harkness' and 'Kings Park Special'.
Weeping Lilly Pilly	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded pendulous shape, often as wide as it is tall (15-20m x 10-15m). Fast growing. Narrow lanceolate leaves with wavy edges,Shiny dark green above and paler below. Clusters of small white flowers in summer followed by small whitish-green fleshy fruit. A good feature,Screen or shade tree. Prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soil. Protect from strong winds. Moderately drought tolerant. Light frost tolerant once established.
White Ash	Exotic	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a rounded spreading crown (10-12m x 8-10m). Fast growing. Leaves dark green above and whitish-green underneath, divided into 5-9 oval leaflets. Inconspicuous green flowers in spring. Stunning autumn colour - the leaves turning through an array of colours to purple. A good shade or feature tree for autumn colour. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Moderate drought tolerance. Frost hardy.
White Cedar	Native	Full sun	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a wide spreading dense crown (10-12m x 6-8m). Large compound leaves,Shiny dark green above,Paler below and turning yellow in autumn. Showy sprays of lightly perfumed lilac flowers in late spring followed by orange coloured (poisonous) fruit. A good shade tree or feature tree for its flowers. Fruit is bird attracting. Tolerates a wide range of soils provided they are well-drained. Prefers full sun. Drought tolerant. Light frost tolerance,Severe frost will defoliate the tree.
White Cedar	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a narrow conical crown (15-20m x 5-8m). Slow growing. Reddish-brown shallow-fissured bark,Shedding in thin vertical strips. Flattened sprays of scale-like leaves, mid-green above, yellowish green below. Aromatic with an apple-like fragrance when crushed. Insignificant brown or reddish flowers followed by pale green oblong cones turning reddish brown. A good screen or feature tree in a large cool climate garden. Performs best on cool elevated sites with ample rainfall. Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil and protection from strong winds. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
White doughwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade,Shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading crown (10-12m x 7m). Trifoliate leaves. Dense clusters of white flowers in summer followed by glossy black fruit. A good feature tree. Bird and butterfly attracting. Needs well-drained soil. Moderately drought tolerant. May need irrigation in dry periods. Light frost tolerant.
White Feather Honeymyrtle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded crown (5-10m x 3-6m). Fibrous papery bark. Small narrow leaves,Slightly aromatic when crushed. Profuse sweetly scented creamy-white flowers in loose spikes at the ends of branches in summer, followed by squat, three-valued grey capsules. A good screen or feature tree. Insect and bird attracting. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions including poor drainage and heavy soil. Moderate drought tolerance. May need irrigation in dry periods. Frost hardy.
White Fir	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	High	Large	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a conical-shaped crown when young, maturing to a dome shape (25+m x 8-12m). Glaucous green narrow curved leaves with a bluish hue beneath. Cylindrical purplish-green cones ripening to brown. A good feature tree for a large cool climate garden. Prefers light loamy moist soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures.Not suitable for small gardens.
White Gum/ Inland Scribbly Gum	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an open crown (10-20m x 5-10m). Attractive smooth pale blue-grey to yellowish-white mottled bark with insect scribbles. Grey-green long narrow leaves. Clusters of white flowers in summer. Bird attracting. A good feature tree in a large garden. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitablefor small gardens.
White Himalayan Birch	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Medium	Deciduous	Deciduous tree with a pyramidical form (10-11m x 5-6m). Highly ornamental creamy-white peeling bark. Dark green oval leaves with a serrated margin, turning yellow in autumn. Small yellow-green catkins in spring. A good feature tree for the decorative bark and autumn foliage colour or for planting in groups. Prefers moist, deep, fertile, well-drained soil and a cool to temperate climate. Needs protecting from hot dry winds in warmer sites. Drought sensitive. May need irrigation in dry periods during spring and summer. Frost hardy.
Wilga	Native	Full sun	Frost hardy	Low	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with a rounded spreading and pendulous crown (8-10m x 5-8m). Dark grey to dark brown bark. Long narrow olive-green leaves, aromatic when crushed. Loose clusters of insignificant white star-shaped scented flowers in winter to spring, followed by small roundish fruits containing hard shiny black seeds. A good feature,Shade or screen tree. Tolerates a wide range of climates and soil types. Prefers well drained soil. Will not flower well in shade. Drought hardy. Suitable for dry locations where irrigation is limited. Frost hardy.
Willow Myrtle	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Small,Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with pendulous branches and a weeping habit (7-12m x 5-7m). Aromatic linear leathery leaves with bronze new growth. Small white flowers along branches in spring and summer. A good screen or feature tree for coastal areas. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Tolerant of light frost only. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens.
Willow-leaf Hakea	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost hardy	Low	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (5-7m x 3-4m). Fast growing. Can be short lived. Long lanceolate leaves, dark glossy green above and paler and dull below. Pink-red new growth. Clusters of cream flowers in the leaf axils in late spring to summer, followed by small woody fruit. A good screen tree. Prefers well-drained soil but sometimes occurs naturally close to permanent streams and has been grown on heavy soils. Suitable for coastal gardens. Drought tolerant. Frost hardy.
Yellow Bloodwood	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Low	Medium,Large	Evergreen	Evergreen tree with an irregular broadly conical crown (12-18m x 8-12m). Mottled grey and yellow-brown bark. Drooping coarse grey-green leaves. Large showy terminal clusters of creamy-white flowers in spring, followed by woody urn-shaped capsules. A good shade or feature tree. Prefers sandy soil and an open sunny position. Moderate drought tolerant. Frost sensitive. Avoid planting close to structures. Not suitable for small gardens. The cultivar 'Nana' is smaller (6-8m x 4-6m).
Yellow Wood/ Bauerella	Native	Full sun,Part shade	Frost sensitive	Medium	Medium	Evergreen	Evergreen tree (8-15m x 3-6m). Fast growing. Dark greyish-brown rough fissured bark. Oval-shaped leaves with blunt tips on long pale leaf stalks, glossy dark green above and paler below. Leaves are aromatic when crushed. Insignificant small cream flowers with fringed petals in autumn to winter, followed by small hard yellowish-brown round fruit containing black seeds. A good screen tree. Needs well-drained soil. Frost sensitive.
Zebrina Western Red Cedar	Exotic	Full sun	Frost hardy	Medium	Small	Evergreen	Evergreen conifer with a broad conical form (4-7m x 3m). Cinnamon-brown bark which becomes vertically ridged and furrowed on mature trees. Aromatic scale-like flattened sprays of creamy-yellow leaves in spring turning green then bronze with bands of gold in autumn. A good feature tree for the form and foliage colour. Prefers a cool mountain climate and fertile, well-drained soil. Drought sensitive. Frost hardy.